Guhindura inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi make

2.1 Guhindura ikoranabuhanga

2.1.1 Kongera R&D

Hariho intera nini murwego rwo gukora hagati yinganda zaho zo mubushinwa ninganda zamahanga.Mugihe cy "Gahunda ya Cumi na Gatatu Yimyaka cumi n'itanu", ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi yumuriro mugihugu cyanjye bizagenda bikurikirana buhoro buhoro ubuziranenge, ibicuruzwa byizewe, nibigaragara kuva kera byibanda kumusaruro mwinshi.Kongera ishoramari mubushakashatsi niterambere, harimo ibikoresho, igishushanyo, ibikoresho, inzira, nibindi, kugirango bigabanye icyuho ninganda zamahanga;gushishikariza ibigo gukora impinduka zikoranabuhanga icyarimwe, arizo nkingi nyamukuru yo guteza imbere imishinga;kwihutisha ibikoresho byihariye byo gukora ibikoresho byamashanyarazi make, ibikoresho byo gupima hamwe nubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo gutahura kumurongo;kongera tekiniki yinganda zinganda zikoresha amashanyarazi make, kandi utezimbere guhanahana tekinike hamwe nabanyamahanga.

2.1.2 Kunoza sisitemu isanzwe yinganda

uruganda rw’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye rugomba gushyiraho amahame ahuriweho byihuse, kandi buri gihe rukita ku cyerekezo cy’ibipimo mpuzamahanga.Guhera ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ibicuruzwa, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa bishya bigomba gutekereza ku guhitamo ibikoresho n’uburyo bwo gukora bujyanye n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga, kugira ngo ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi bikomoka mu gihugu cyanjye bitere imbere rwose bibe “icyatsi, cyangiza ibidukikije, gito -ikarubone ”ibicuruzwa by'amashanyarazi.Kunoza imiyoborere myiza ya sisitemu yose, uhereye kubakozi guhuza ibipimo, kugirango ubuziranenge buzamuke.Igicuruzwa cyibicuruzwa gikora igenzura ryokwizerwa (riteza imbere cyane ibikoresho byo gupima kumurongo), kugenzura uruganda rwizewe, nibindi, hibandwa cyane cyane kwizerwa ryibikoresho bya elegitoronike nibisabwa guhuza amashanyarazi [1] [2].

2.2 Guhindura ibicuruzwa

2.2.1 Guhindura imiterere yibicuruzwa

Ukurikije imigendekere ya politiki yigihugu, imiterere yibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi bifite ingufu nkeya bigomba kurushaho guhinduka mugihe kizaza.Mugihe cy "Gahunda ya Cumi na Gatatu Yimyaka cumi n'itanu", UHV, umuyoboro wubwenge, interineti + ingufu, ingufu za interineti ku isi, na Made mu Bushinwa 2025 bizongera byihuse isoko ku isoko hagati kugeza hejuru.Iterambere ryihuse ryingufu nshya ritanga amahirwe yiterambere ryo kwagura inganda.Umwanya wibicuruzwa byinganda zikoresha amashanyarazi make birashobora kwagurwa kugeza kuri fotora yumuriro wamashanyarazi, uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura no kurinda ingufu, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, DC ihindura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nizindi nzego.Kandi irashobora gutanga ibisubizo muri rusange.Uyu murima niterambere rishya ryiterambere ryubukungu bwinganda zikoresha amashanyarazi make.

2.2.2 Kuvugurura ibicuruzwa

uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rufite ingufu nkeya ruzarushaho gutera imbere rugana ubwenge, modulisiyoneri n’itumanaho, kandi sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza no kugenzura amashanyarazi make izagenda itera imbere gahoro gahoro.Kugeza ubu, ibisekuru bishya byibicuruzwa biracyari mu ntangiriro y’akaduruvayo, kandi impamvu nyamukuru ni izi zikurikira: nta bwumvikane ku mikorere n’ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwitumanaho buroroshye, kandi protocole yohereza amakuru; hagati y'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ntibishobora kubangikana;ibyuma bitwara amashanyarazi make, abahuza, abasigaye barinda ibicuruzwa nibindi bicuruzwa ntibitanga gahunda yuburyo bukoreshwa, amakuru yimikorere, guhinduranya ibipimo nizindi ntera kubigo bitanga amashanyarazi cyangwa abakoresha amashanyarazi make, kandi biragoye kugera kubikurikirana bihuriweho hamwe;ibicuruzwa bihuza microprocessor hamwe na A / D bihindura..

2.2.3 Ubwenge numwami wigihe kizaza

Ubwenge, imiyoboro, hamwe na digitifike yibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nkeya nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyigihe kizaza, ariko ibisabwa biri hejuru nabyo bishyirwa mubikorwa bya sisitemu hamwe nibisubizo rusange byibikoresho byamashanyarazi make.Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nkeya bisaba gukoresha tekinoroji yubukorikori n’ibikoresho by’ubwenge, no gushyiraho imirongo ikora mu buryo bwikora ku bice byingenzi, imirongo yipimisha mu buryo bwikora ku bikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi make, n’umurongo w’ibikoresho byikora ku mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi make.Ubwenge bwumuzenguruko wogukwirakwiza kwisi yose, ubwenge bwokuzigama ingufu za AC, abanyabwenge buke-bavunagura imashanyarazi yamashanyarazi, ibyatoranijwe birinda urugo rwumuzunguruko, guhinduranya byikora, guhuza ubwenge hamwe nibikoresho byo kurinda ibisekuru bishya bya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi menshi, Doubly -guha ingufu z'umuyaga uhindura tekinoroji yingenzi, SPD, ibikoresho bya enterineti bikoresha amaherezo hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bizahabwa inkunga ikomeye na guverinoma nisoko, kugirango inganda zigihugu cy’amashanyarazi make zishobora guhuza n’ikoranabuhanga mpuzamahanga rikomeye vuba bishoboka. [3].

2.3 Guhindura isoko

2.3.1 Guhindura imiterere yinganda

Ibigo binini bifite imbaraga zikomeye bigomba kugerageza ibishoboka byose ngo biteze imbere mumasosiyete yuzuye yunganira amashanyarazi.Ibigo bifite imbaraga nziza nibihe byiza bigomba guteza imbere no kunoza ibicuruzwa byingenzi, bikungahaza imiterere nibisobanuro, kandi bigahinduka imishinga yihariye yibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi make kandi bifite ubwoko bwuzuye.Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bifite ubuhanga bunoze bwo kubyaza umusaruro birashobora kwiteza imbere mubucuruzi bwihariye bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi make cyangwa inganda zidasanzwe zikoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nibikoresho bifasha bifite ubwoko butandukanye bugamije.Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse byinshi bigomba gutekereza ku guhindura imiterere no kuvugurura umutungo.

2.3.2

Leta izanoza politiki n’amategeko, yongere inzira y’inguzanyo na gahunda yo gutanga inguzanyo ku nganda, yongere inkunga y’imari n’imari, kandi yorohereze imisoro ku bigo.Kunganira gahunda zijyanye ninzego za leta kugura no gutera inkunga imishinga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Shimangira kurengera ibigo, kugirango byihutishe iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryibigo, uhindure imiterere kandi ushyigikire ibigo nkibi kugirango bafungure isoko.

2.3.3 Ingamba za "Internet +"

Ukurikije imiterere yunganirwa na Premier Li, reka amasosiyete menshi y’amashanyarazi make y’amashanyarazi yige imishinga yubucuruzi BAT kandi ahinduke amashanyarazi make.Kubera ko bishoboka kubyara inganda nka Chint na Delixi hashingiwe ku mahugurwa yumuryango i Yueqing, Wenzhou, byanze bikunze hazabaho uruhererekane rwibikorwa bisohoka hifashishijwe ibyuma + software + serivise + icyitegererezo cya e-ubucuruzi ningamba.

2.3.4 Igishushanyo-Ikiranga-Agaciro

Mu ruganda rugenda rwiyongera mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi, inzira y'ubwihindurize yo "kuzamura ikirango hamwe no gushushanya no gukuraho impera yo hasi hamwe n'ibishushanyo" iragenda irushaho gukomera.Kandi ibigo bimwe bireba imbere byafashe ubutwari gutera intambwe ihamye yo kuzamura byimazeyo irushanwa ryibicuruzwa byabo nibicuruzwa binyuze mubufatanye namasosiyete azwi cyane yo gushushanya.Kugeza ubu, igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nke bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo guhindura, guhuza, guhindura no guhuza ibice.Gukwirakwiza ibice byose bifite amanota atandukanye cyangwa ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi bizagabanya cyane ikiguzi cyiterambere ryibicuruzwa n’umusaruro kubabikora;biroroshye kandi kubakoresha kubungabunga no kugabanya ibarura ryibice.

2.3.5 Shimangira ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gukora icyitegererezo cyiterambere kidafite ishingiro

Iterambere ryibicuruzwa byaciriritse-byohejuru hamwe nubucuruzi bwo mumahanga, gushiraho ikirenge gihamye kumasoko yo hanze no gutera intambwe, gushiraho igihugu cyiterambere kidafite ishingiro, bigomba kuba inzira yingenzi yo kuzamura inganda zizaza.Hamwe n’isoko ry’isi yose, kwinjirira hagati y’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga n’ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu byahindutse inzira byanze bikunze mu iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi make.Uku kwinjira ntikwinjira gusa mu bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru by’ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu ku masoko yo hanze, ahubwo bininjira mu bicuruzwa by’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga mu masoko yo hagati ndetse no mu rwego rwo hasi.Leta n’inzego z’ibanze bigomba gushishikarira cyane inganda n’amatsinda y’inganda kwagura urwego rw’agaciro mu nganda, gushyigikira inganda z’amashanyarazi zifite ingufu nke kugira ngo ziteze imbere mu cyerekezo cy '“umwihariko, gutunganya, n’umwuga”, kandi zigashyiraho iminyururu myinshi y’inganda hamwe n’izabo. ibiranga nibintu byingenzi, bityo bigatera kuzamura inganda.